[1] Lincoln, “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg”(Nov. 19, 1863), in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 7:23.

[2] 详情参见Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg; Boritt, Gettysburg Gospel; and Johnson,Writing the Gettysburg Address, none of which treats the phrase “great civil war”。

[3] Cimbala and Miller, Great Task Remaining Before Us; Varon, Appomattox;Downs, After Appomattox.

[4] Mably, Des droits et des devoirs du citoyen (1758), 62 – 63 (“la guerre civile est quelque foix un grand bien”).

[5] “La guerra civil es un don de cielo,” quoted in Fuentes, “Guerra civil,” 609;Fuentes, “Belle époque,” 84 – 93.

[6] Chateaubriand, Mémoires d’outretombe, 1358; Caron, Frères de sang, 153 – 57.

[7] Compare Ranzato, “Evidence et invisibilité des guerres civiles”; Grangé, De la guerre civile; Grangé, Oublier la guerre civile?.社会理论中关于战争的研究，参见Joas and K?bl, War in Social Thought, 2。